We recently reported that the levels of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and vimentin, hallmarks of retinal gliosis, were increased more than 30-fold in the VH from PVR patients compared with patients with macular hole (MH) or epiretinal membrane (ERM), and these levels were highly correlated with the clinical severity of PVR [15]. The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is macular holes.