The IL-33/IL-5 ratio was not significantly different between patients with ABPA and those with CPA; however, the sCD40L/IL-5, TNF/IL-5, and IL-10/IL-5 ratios were significantly higher in patients with CPA than in those with ABPA (p < 0.05) (Figure 2a). Here, TNF is linked to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.