The same effect is observed in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress, in which dapagliflozin reduces serum levels of both IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines, and decreases the expression of p-NFκB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the hippocampus, suggesting a potential role of dapagliflozin in the treatment of depression [226]. Here, IL1B is linked to depressive symptom measurement.