To assess the potential effects of treatment with biologically targeted molecules on the expression levels of TGF-β, PD-L1, and VEGF assessed using Western blotting and the five miRs, kidney tumor tissues were obtained from three ccRCC patients treated with either cabozantinib (#1436), pembrolizumab with axitinib (#1584) or ipilimumab with nivolumab (#1318). Here, TGFB1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.