Several clinical studies have suggested that PAI-1 polymorphisms (possibly leading to increased PAI-1 levels or activity) are an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including atherosclerosis, CAD, MI, stroke, and venous thrombosis [159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is myocardial infarction.