SERPINE1 and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Despite the fact that PAI-1 levels are consistently elevated in OSA patients [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42], and that OSA can trigger processes that can upregulate PAI-1 production, little to no attention has been given to PAI-1 as a biomarker or as a promoter of OSA-induced CVD in clinical practice.