TLRs have been shown to exacerbate the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β, for example, in scleroderma and hepatic fibrosis, and to play a role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, and lung fibrosis [21,22,28,87,88,89,90,91]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.