TLRs have been shown to exacerbate the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β, for example, in scleroderma and hepatic fibrosis, and to play a role in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, and lung fibrosis [21,22,28,87,88,89,90,91]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.