Considering T cell exhaustion, the constructions with anti-CAIX CD28 CAR and anti-PD-L1 secretion and with 4-1BB CAR with or without anti-PD-L1 secretion showed reduced co-expression of PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4, and CD39 in viable tumor-infiltrating T cells. Here, CD28 is linked to neoplasm.