Given the promising pre-clinical results recently published [18] and the ones presented herein proving a lack of toxicity with intermediate doses of anti-CAIX CAR T cells, clinical studies based on these adoptive cell therapies with doses superior to 107 CAR T cells/kg are recommended, using anti-CAIX CD28 CAR T cells releasing anti-PD-L1 antibodies or anti-CAIX 4-1BB CAR T cells, offering exciting new prospects for the treatment of refractory ccRCC and hypoxic tumors. Here, CD274 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.