In addition to those listed, MCs participate in multiple physiological as well as pathological responses, such as antigen-presenting cells, the control of vascular tone and permeability (histamine, heparin, and edema), neovascularization (histamine, serotonin, TNF, kinins, proteases, LTs, PGs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet activated factor (PAF)), innate bacterial clearance (recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection), neutralization of venoms (detoxification with proteases), and can contribute to the resistance of parasite infections. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.