TNF and cancer: The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the molecular mechanisms by which Cnidium monnieri treats HCC might be implicated in pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, etc. (Figure 8).