TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, we found that eight key pathways are likely to be involved: pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, by which Cnidium monnieri treats HCC.