The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study found that lower plasma levels of adiponectin in peri- and postmenopausal women predispose them to an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, regardless of BMI status and other obesity-related risk factors, such as circulating C-peptide levels, sex hormones, IGF-1 binding protein (IGFBP-1), and peri- and postmenopausal IGFBP-2 [70]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.