A total of 122 Reactome pathways were enriched for the down-regulated IBD genes with numerous immune-related terms, some of which include interleukin (IL) pathways (e.g., ‘interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling’ (39/108 genes) and ‘interleukin-10 signaling’ (25/47 genes)), ‘neutrophil degranulation’ (93/480 genes) as well as G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways with ‘G alpha (i) signaling events’ (53/318 genes) and ‘class A/1 (rhodopsin-like receptor)’ (57/335 genes), for instance (Figure 2a). This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and inflammatory bowel disease.