AHR and colitis: Ginger and broccoli exosome-like nanoparticles (ELN) have also been developed, which harbor plant-derived exosomal microRNA (e.g., miR-7267-3P) that alter microbial metabolism of AhR ligands (e.g., indole-3-aldehyde) and drive downstream Il-22 production and amelioration of colitis [112,113] (Figure 2D).