As shown, BPQDs-treated RCC cells showed significantly increased formation of micronuclei as well as cGAS- and γH2AX-positive micronuclei in response to 10 Gy X-ray irradiation (22.6% in combined-treated cells versus 5.5% in IR-only cells, and 4.3% in BPQDs-treated cells) (Figure 4C,D). This evidence concerns the gene CGAS and renal cell carcinoma.