Further, profibrotic STAT3-pTyr705 phosphorylation and activation are prominently upregulated in IPF fibroblasts [73,249] and suggested to be promoted by lysine deacetylation of STAT3 through HDAC1, -2 and/or -3 [261,262]. This evidence concerns the gene HDAC1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.