The stimulation of D2-like DR in primary osteoblasts led to an increase in MIF at the highest concentration of agonist in RA, and RANKL was increased both in OA and RA after D1-like and D2-like stimulation, thus suggesting an effect of dopamine not only on bone formation but also on osteoclast differentiation. Here, TNFSF11 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.