In the context of IPF and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, CD274 induction plays a role in the SMAD3/GSK3-mediated fibroblast to myofibroblast fate induction and collagen deposition [33,34], and in the IPF fibroblasts’ invasive properties [32,35]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and pulmonary fibrosis.