IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Kim et al. found that a high-fat diet induced airway hyper-reactivity and increased NLRP3, IL17A, and IL1B mRNA in an obese mouse model [76], suggesting that obesity-induced airway hypersensitivity is mediated by NLRP3 inflammasomes that are activated by fatty acids or cholesterol crystals from macrophages in adipose tissue or in the lungs [76].