Applying the rule-out AFP cutoff values for HCC (AFP < 20 ng/dL) for the classification of PVT, 78% (21/27) of the subjects were correctly classified as having benign PVT, while when the rule-in cutoff value was used (AFP ≥ 200 ng/dL), 100% (39/39) of the subjects were correctly classified as TIV. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.