Among the 10 urine biomarkers examined, MIP-1β and TNF-α had an AUC > 0.7; IL-8 and TNF-α had a sensitivity > 80%; while CXCL10, MCP-1, eotaxin, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNF-α, and PGE2 had a specificity > 80% in identifying IC/BPS patients. Here, CCL2 is linked to Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.