While diagnosing a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) in the urinary tract, we found that the previous biopsy had been misdiagnosed as urothelial carcinoma (UC) because only chromogranin and synaptophysin were tested to define neuroendocrine differentiation and both tests were negative. This evidence concerns the gene SYP and urothelial carcinoma.