PTGS2 and neoplasm: It was found that the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) facilitating tumour angiogenesis as well as the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) that promote cancer invasiveness through gene regulation were lowered after the use of Res-AuNPs [133].