As gene expression patterns between tumor tissues and exosomes detected in plasma or serum are closely correlated, and circulating exoPD-L1 (cePD-L1) can be detected at the gene and protein level in many types of cancers, much effort has been devoted to exploring the potential use of circulating exoPD-L1 for monitoring the efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy [68,289]. Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.