CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition, the expression levels of PD-L1 in serum or plasma or other components detected in blood include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and various immune cells that have been assessed and proposed to be a predictive biomarker for melanoma, NSCLC, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, and many others [27,65,66,67,68,69,70].