Notably, aberrantly activated RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways reportedly promote chemoresistance and metastatic progression in advanced UCB [18,23,33,57,58,59], and this oncogenic pathway activation also mediates an increase in OGT and overall O-GlcNAcylation in several cancers through increased glycolysis [24,57]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cancer.