CCL2 and breast cancer: For example, using a two-chamber co-culture system, Kang et al. showed that CCL2 secreted from macrophages overexpressing metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) activated the MAPK pathway via its receptor CCR2 in HER2+ BC cells, which, in turn, upregulated MMP9 and led to BC cell migration and recruitment of monocytes [88].