It was found that only IPF was characterized by similar expression profile with asthma- and bleomycin-driven lung fibrosis in mice: a range of known fibrosis-related markers, including COL1A1, COL3A1, IGF1, CXCL12, SPP1, and MUC5B, were found to be upregulated in lung tissue but not in peripheral blood of IPF patients (Figure 9). Here, CXCL12 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.