In reactive macroglial cells, there is an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to increased vascular permeability and even neovascularization, as observed in different retinal pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and age-related macular degeneration [69]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and retinopathy of prematurity.