TNF and COVID-19: The expression levels of intracellular tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and IL-1 receptor type 2 in leukocytes were lower (p < 0.001), and the plasma levels of TNFα, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 (p < 0.001), interferon gamma (IFNγ) (p < 0.01), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (p < 0.05) were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in the control group.