However, infection or inflammation may amplify the action of LMW-HAs via interactions with hyaladherins, leading to an increase in the secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6), chemokines (IL-8), ROS, or enzymes (NE, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12). The gene discussed is MMP12; the disease is infection.