TGFB1 and neoplasm: Since HIF-1 and TGF-β evoke synergistic effects to facilitate tumor progression in part by activating similar target genes, the usefulness of a combination of drugs that specifically inhibits HIF-1 and TGFβRI with treatment with drugs with a profile similar with Galunisertib should be further explored as a possible way forward in the development of more efficient treatment strategies in personalized medicine in the future.