As TGF-β and HIF-1α have been demonstrated to exert synergistic effects to facilitate tumor progression as discussed in this review (summarized in Figure 4 and Figure 5, Table 1), it would be of interest to combine inhibitors targeting TGF-β signaling through TGFβRI with drugs such as Galunisertib [204], a TGFβRI kinase inhibitor with drugs that specifically are targeting HIF-1 [200]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.