FLT1 and acute kidney injury: For example, in a large cohort of cardiac surgery patients, Mansour et al. showed that postoperative elevation of the levels of VEFG and PGF, two proangiogenic markers, was associated with a reduced risk of AKI and death, whereas an elevation in the level of VEGFR1, an antiangiogenic factor, was associated with an increased risk of AKI [114].