Recent research demonstrated that treatment with PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors in conjunction with cancer stem cell-pulsed dendritic cells (CSC-DC) improved T cell proliferation, inhibited TGF-β secretion, intensified IFN-γ secretion, and improved host-specific CD8+T cell response versus CSCs in B16-F10 mice melanoma tumour model [91]. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.