MMP2 and Granuloma: Selective suppression of JNK activity, and decrease the expression of MMP-2/9 to generate antinociceptive effect on CCI-induced neuropathic pain in CNS (Jiang et al., 2017); Inhibiting JAK/STAT3 pathway and subsequent down-regulating the elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 in CNS (Wang S. et al., 2016); Inhibiting the edema induced by carrageenin, the increase of the dye leakage induced by acetic acid and the granuloma formation induced by cotton pellet in PNS (Ozaki, 1992); Reducting hydroxyl radicals in hypothalamic regions of the brain in CNS (Chang et al., 2013)