VDR and infection: VDR and TLR-2 signal pathways had been reported to be positively involved in anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptosis activities as well as intestinal barrier-protective effects, especially under inflammation conditions (43), therefore upregulated level of TLR-2 together with intestinal VDR mRNA amounts obtained in Salmonella-infected hens received enough VD3, indicating further confirmed our suggestion.