Interestingly, in the past decades, accumulating data has shown that VD possessed several extra-skeletal effects, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-allergy, anti-apoptosis actions, and cancer prevention, through VDR-mediated regulation on gene expressions, mainly because VDR and/or VD 1α-hydroxylase were found to express in various tissues and cells (16, 17). This evidence concerns the gene VDR and cancer.