Despite the promise of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mTOR inhibitors, as well as immunotherapies like VEGF monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, on the extension of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with progressed or metastasized RCC, the patients eventually succumb to inevitable drug resistance. Here, VEGFA is linked to renal cell carcinoma.