CARD9 and colitis: In addition, CARD9-null mice showed more susceptibility to colitis companied by strongly elevated fungal burdens and altered intestinal fungal composition (e.g., increased Candida tropicalis), which is partially due to impaired fungicidal functions of CARD9-null macrophages, thus implying an inability to accurately control intestinal fungal community is involved in the deteriorated colitis of CARD9-null mice (205–207).