To identify specific sites where the DYNLL1 protein is ubiquitinated, we generated mutant derivatives of DYNLL1 in which Lys-9, -31, -36, -43, or -49 were replaced by Arg (DYNLL1-K9R, -K31R, -K36R, -K43R, or K49R; Fig. 4G) and examined their ubiquitination in the presence of ectopic RNF114 in ESCC cells. Here, RNF114 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.