We observed the upregulation of glycolytic genes such as hexokinase-1 and -2 (Hk1 and Hk2), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (Pfkfb3) (Fig. 5a) and aldolase-A (AldoA) (Supplementary Fig. 2a), along with the downregulation of the gluconeogenesis rate-limiting gene fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1 (Fbp1), in chronically-injured liver tissues and in tumours (Fig. 5a). Here, HK1 is linked to neoplasm.