The increased gene expression of NANOG amongst other associated pluripotent markers such as OCT4, SOX2, and REX-1, may indicate a potential adverse event, as that such co-expression of NANOG and OCT4 in previous literatures had reflected in poor prognosis of several malignancies including lung, glioma, and renal cell carcinomas59–62. This evidence concerns the gene POU5F1 and central nervous system cancer.