MCP-1 is a core chemokine that recruits monocytes and T cells into sites of inflammation, and it plays a central role in the development and severity of numerous diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, tuberculosis, COVID-19, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis [31]. Here, CCL2 is linked to osteoporosis.