We expressed three different versions of HLA-DR4(*04:01)containing a free cysteine at the C-terminus of the α-chain,which allowed site-specific orientation to the polymer particles:a DR4 complex covalently linked to the T1D associated GAD555–567 peptide, a DR4 complex covalently linked to the flu virus hemagglutininepitope HA306-318 as a control, and an “empty”DR4 complex that did not have any covalent peptide (Figure S3). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF10A and type 1 diabetes mellitus.