ART4 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: In DMD muscle, lack of dystrophin leads to loss of components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in muscle fibers,43, 44, 45 resulting in secondary pathological changes of the muscle.46, 47, 48 To achieve a better therapeutic outcome, both dystrophin and the DGC are required to be restored at the sarcolemma.49