As hyperandrogenemia is a key characteristics seen in PCOS patients, we focused on the CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 gene polymorphisms that affect androgen synthesis and the SHBG gene polymorphisms that affect SHBG synthesis to determine the relationship between gene polymorphisms and PCOS risk through a comprehensive literature search, so as to draw more comprehensive, accurate, and reliable conclusions. The gene discussed is CYP17A1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.