The protein levels of 5 other adhesion molecules including neuregulin (NRG)3, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)1, CD166 antigen isoform 1 precursor (ALCAM1), cadherin 16 isoform 1 precursor (CDH16), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were significantly altered in the ASD group compared with the TD group. This evidence concerns the gene NCAM1 and thanatophoric dysplasia.