MAPK3 and lung carcinoma: ERK1/2, p38, and JNK pertain to the MAPK family (Gao, Shan, et al. [35], Bubici and Papa [36, 37]), and activation of ERK1/2 protein can promote the development of lung cancer in mice (Yamakawa et al. [38]), activation of p38 phosphorylation can enhance the production of tumor factors (Alam et al. [39]), and JNK can regulate a variety of cell biological functions.