Finally, small molecules, such as the artemisinin derivative artesunate, a drug applied for malaria (37), the dual FLT-3/JAK 2 kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib (38), the class1/2 HDAC inhibitor givinostat (39), the mTOR kinase inhibitor vistusertib (26) and the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin-a1 (40) were identified as G5-specific compounds. This evidence concerns the gene HDAC9 and malaria.