TP53 and neoplasm: The expression and function of p53 are downmodulated in CAFs, and transcriptional alteration of p53 converts NFs to CAFs, which become cancer-supporting rather than cancer-inhibiting.6, 7, 8 Mutation of the p53 gene is considered to occur in over 50% of all human cancers, because p53 plays tumor-suppressive roles and maintains genome integrity and cellular homeostasis by regulating cell-cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy.9