Clinical related research has shown that about 75% of PV patients and about 45% to 55% of ET patients have mutations in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene (JAK2V617F) (the guanine at codon 617 in the JH2 region of the JAK2 gene was replaced by thymine, resulting in the replacement of valine by phenylalanine) [3]. The gene discussed is JAK2; the disease is essential thrombocythemia.