CASP9 and lymphoid leukemia: Treatment of THP-1 and Jurkat cells with the LSD of etoposide (0.01 μM) for 24 h significantly increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes: TNFR1/TNFRSF1A, CASP-9, and CASP-3 compared to the vehicle control (P ≤ 0.05) (Table 1), plus there was an increase of BAX expression in the Jurkat lymphoid leukaemia cells when compared to the vehicle control (P ≤ 0.05) (Table 1).