In contrast, Jurkat lymphoid leukaemia cells when treated with the LSD for apigenin (50 μM) for 24 h, displayed a significant increase in nine pro-apoptotic genes and/or proteins (BAD, BAX, SMAC/DIABLO, TRAILR1/DR4, TNFR1/TNFRSF1A, FAS/CD95, CASP-8, CASP-9 and CASP-3) compared to the vehicle control (P ≤ 0.05), with no changes seen in the remaining investigated genes and proteins (Table 1). Here, CASP9 is linked to lymphoid leukemia.