Despite its known anti-inflammatory properties, several studies have claimed that A. muciniphila can promote colitis, depending on the immunological setting.63–65 Observations of enriched A. muciniphila on the colonic mucosa and in feces of mice treated with DSS questioned whether the organism plays a beneficial role in the gut.64,65 Another study demonstrated that repeated oral gavage of A. muciniphila led to the induction of colitis and intestinal inflammation in specific pathogen-free and germ-free IL10−/− mice. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and colitis.