TNF and infection: To conclude, numerous surgical procedures (including explantation, “second look”, femoral resection), withdrawal of the TNF-α blocker and, then, of methotrexate, all being probably involved in the chronicity of the infection, switch from doxycycline-hydroxycholoquine to prolonged ofloxacine-rifampin combination therapy and finally reimplantation of a megaprosthesis after control of the infection were needed to achieve the cure of this relapsing chronic Q fever infection.